Agriculture and forestry

Zabolotny  Hryhoriy  Mykhailovych  -  candidate  of  agricultural  sciences, professor, professor of the department of agriculture, soil science and agrochemistry of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna Street).

Peleh Lyudmila Viktorivna - candidate of the rural area. Sciences, Art. teacher of the department of agriculture, soil science and agrochemistry (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonjachna St.).

Didur Vitaliy Vitaliyovych – graduate student of the Department of Forestry and Horticulture of VNAU

Soroka Serhiy Yuriyovych – graduate student of the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of VNAU

Mashenko Vitaly Volodymyrovych – graduate student of the Department of Forestry and Horticulture at VNAU.

During the two-year cycle of research (2022-2023) in the conditions of the research field of the Agronomichne scientific research farm of VNA, an analysis of the dynamics of the formation of photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops was carried out with an assessment of indicators in the variants of leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic productivity. The analysis provided for the appropriate accounting of the above-mentioned indicators in the section of 5 phenological phases: the third tripartite leaf, the beginning of flowering, the end of flowering, full pouring of seeds, the beginning of physiological maturity. In addition to accounting for the photosynthetic potential in dynamics, foliar top dressing of crops was carried out with Gumifield forte and Help Rost soybean with distribution in single and combined application. On the basis of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the dynamics of the formation of the leaf surface area were established, which allowed to determine the peculiarities of the formation of photosynthetic productivity as a whole. On the basis of the conducted research, it was established that the most effective technological solution among the variants of the experiment was the combined use for foliar fertilization of the preparation based on potassium humate and amino acids Gumifield 0.4 l/ha in combination with the organo-mineral fertilizer Help Rost soybean 2 l/ha. In this variant, the leaf area exceeded the control by 4.6 - 7.1 thousand m2/ha, or by 14.9 - 18.1%. In the variants of the experiment with complete mineral fertilizer N30P60K60 and N30P60K60 + Groundfix 5 l/ha, an increase in the leaf surface area was recorded compared to the control by 6.9–8.5 thousand m2/ha, which in percentage comparison was 22.3–27, respectively 6%. Based on the comparison of the formed area of the leaf surface of plants, the duration of interphase periods and the amount of accumulation of organic matter by crops in a single two-year array of data, the nature and size of the photosynthetic potential and the net productivity of photosynthesis were determined. Along with this, a positive relationship of high strength between the leaf surface area and the amount of precipitation during the growing season has been statistically proven.

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