Agriculture and forestry

Didur Ihor – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Acting the director of the Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, e-mail: didurihor@gmail.com).

Ziuzko Leonid – graduate student at Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Soniachna Street, e-mail: Zyleonid@gmail.com).

The article presents a study on the development of technological techniques for growing soybeans depending on hydrothermal conditions, seed treatment and foliar fertilization for the passage of plant growth and development phases. The relevance of the work is strengthened by the tasks of applied research, which is carried out at the expense of the state budget on the topic: «Development of ecologically oriented technologies for growing bioenergy crops to ensure energy independence and soil conservation for the formation of climate neutrality». The purpose of the work is due to the need to develop and substantiate biological elements of soybean cultivation technologies. This includes the formation and provision of their sustainable production, taking into account the biological requirements of plants to the hydrothermal conditions of the region. There is also a need to modernize individual technological methods and optimize their complex action in the technological cycle of soybean cultivation. The material of the research was soybean varieties of domestic selection – Madison and Diadema Podillia. Based on the phenological observations of the growth processes and development of soybean plants, it can be concluded that both the duration of the periods between individual phases of growth and development, and the duration of the growing season as a whole, were significantly influenced by the hydrothermal conditions of the year, as well as organized factors that were put to study, namely seed inoculation and foliar fertilization. It was determined that for optimal parameters of swelling and germination, soybean seeds need 140-160% of water by weight. Soybean seedlings are severely depressed when there is a lack of moisture. Therefore, the first critical period for moisture supply in soybeans occurs in the branching phase, and the second is more intensive – in the phase of seed formation and pouring. The most favorable conditions for growth, development and optimal passage of interphase periods by soybean plants were determined when growing them in experimental variants, where seed inoculation was carried out with the preparation Bio-inoculant BTU (2 l/t) in combination with foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost soy (2.5 l/ha).

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