Agriculture and forestry

Pelekh Ludmila Viktorivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Soil Management, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. (21008, Vinnytsia town, Soniachna Str. build 3/2, e-mail: gogoluda69@gmail.com).

The article highlights the results of research on the impact of the main elements of soybean growing technology on the formation of productivity and seed quality indicators, in addition, the indicators of economic efficiency in growing this crop are stated.  Soybean is a light- and heat-loving crop. It requires a considerable amount of heat for normal growth and development. The crop is quite drought-resistant at the beginning of growth and much more demanding to moisture during flowering, bean formation and seed ripening phases. During these phases optimum soil moisture should be 70-80%. Soybean productivity depends on the number of formed and fully formed beans, and this number depends in turn on the length of daylight hours and the amount of moisture during the period of bean formation. If there is a lack of moisture, many beans will fall off beforehand, so the expected yield will no longer be forthcoming. It was found that high indices of individual productivity of soybean plants were obtained with double application of multicomponent microfertilizer Vuksal Microplant in the phase of budding and in the phase of formation of green beans. For the studied varieties under such growing conditions the number of beans per plant was 21,5-24,8 units, and the number of seeds per plant 44,3-63,5 units. Well and the mass of seeds per plant was respectively 7,0-8,0 g, weight of 1000 seeds 149,9- 158,7 g. The highest rates of seed yield of soybean varieties SG Anzer and Cardiff were recorded at 2.79-3.02 t / ha in variants where foliar feeding was carried out twice during the vegetation of plants. Indicators of the chemical composition of soybeans were formed in accordance with the climatic conditions prevailing in the years of the study. Thus, the index of crude protein in soybean seeds was at the level of 34.38-39.21%, the average crude fat content was 17-19%, and IDA index was 27.23-29.17%. The costs of growing different soybean varieties with different systems of foliar feeding differed slightly, but we noted the best economic efficiency (conditionally net profit, cost, profitability level) of growing soybeans within the scheme of our experiments, which were in the variants with two foliar feeding microfertilizer Vuxal Microplant.

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