Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Pisarenko P.V. – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Ecology, Sustainable Nature Management and Environmental Protection, Poltava State Agrarian University.                       

Samoilik M.S. –  Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of Ecology, Sustainable Nature Management and Environmental Protection, Poltava State Agrarian University.

Taranenko A.O. –  Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Ecology, Sustainable Nature Management and Environmental Protection, Poltava State Agrarian University.

Tsova Yu.A. – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology, Sustainable Nature Management and Environmental Protection, Poltava State Agrarian University.

At the current level of development of agricultural production there are facts of environmental degradation due to the use of agrochemicals. The introduction of scientifically sound ecological technology of agriculture, which is based on the system of ecological safety of the environment and human health, can prevent possible negative effects. To ensure the sustainable development of modern agricultural production and the use of chemicals in limited quantities, there is a problem of their partial replacement by alternative low-cost measures based on natural processes of self-renewal. The aim of our studies was to determinate the effectiveness of obtaining high-quality organic fertilizers using associated water (SPV) and probiotic preparations that accord the requirements of environmentally friendly resource-saving technologies for growing crops. Ecological and trophic groups of soil microorganisms were determined by seeding certain dilutions of soil suspensions. The results of experiments show positive changes in quality and phytosanitary state of organic manure during three months of combined use of SPV (150 l t) and probiotics (100 l/t). The results of bacteriological research show that the level of pathogenic microorganisms decreased by 98-100% after 3 months of composting with native and 10% probiotic solution. Salmonella and Escherichia coli pathogens have not been identified. The cleaning efficiency was lower at 1% and 0.1% probiotic solution. According to mycological research the total number of fungi was 206.9 thousand/g, by 27% more than the control sample. The content of pathogenic fungi decreased by 88% compared to control. It was found that SPV and probiotics changes the chemical composition of manure. Although SPV does not contain large amount of essential mineral nutrients, but SPV are a valuable natural source of microelements that have a positive effect on the crops growth. In particular, the content of potassium in manure increased by 20.8%, phosphorus - by 41.8%, total nitrogen - by 45.8%, organic matter - by 10%. Thus, the integrated use of SPV and probiotics can destroy ruderal vegetation, reduce the germination of weed seeds, improve the quality of manure by enriching it with microelements, disinfect manure from pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. All these advantages make it possible to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer that allows you to optimize the soil nutrient regime.

Research results show that the use of SPV and probiotics contribute to increase biological activity in the top soil layer, which determines the specific conditions of transformation of organic matter and productivity of agrobiocenosis. The proportion of microorganisms in the microbial cenosis with SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha is 19.2 ± 0.90 million (number of cells in 1 gram of completely dry soil), which is much higher than control (5.9 ± 0.21 million). Using SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha stimulates the growth and development of microscopic fungi and cellulose-destroying microorganisms involved in the decomposition of crop residues. There is an increase in the number of oligonitrophilic microorganisms that complete the mineralization of organic residues.

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