Agriculture and forestry

Shkatula Yurii – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3., e-mail: shkatula@vsau.vin.ua). 

One of the main reasons for the decline in the yield of chickpea seeds is the high weediness of crops. It is determined by the potential stock of weed seeds in the soil and its long-term viability. The presence of large amounts of weed seeds in the soil creates significant problems for growing chickpeas. Therefore, the assessment of weed efficiency of any farming system or its component should be based on quantitative changes in potential soil weeds. The interaction between crops and weeds in chickpea crops has its own characteristics, because in the first period of the growing season they grow very slowly and have little effect on the conditions of weed growth, so there is a rapid growth of segetal vegetation. In the technology of growing chickpeas in the plant protection system traditionally use the chemical method. However, even with high efficiency, this method does not always give the desired results, there is a violation of ecological balance in agrocenoses, reduction of species biodiversity, contamination of soil and plants with chemicals, reducing product quality. Observance of agrotechnologies, constant phytosanitary monitoring, effective diagnostics and forecast of development and spread of harmful organisms in chickpea crops are important in ensuring proper phytosanitary condition. Regulation of weeds and their harmful effects in agrophytocenoses of chickpea drawing them to an economically harmless level is a significant condition in the technology of its cultivation. The main control of weeds is done at the beginning of the growing season, because at this time chickpeas grow very slowly, and are in the rosette phase for a long time, and therefore cannot withstand competition from weeds. To increase the yield of chickpea seeds, an important place in the technology of cultivation belongs to the use of herbicides and biological products. Inoculation of chickpea seeds with Rhizobophyte at a rate of 1 l / t and a biofungicide Biopolicide at a rate of 100 ml / t and application of soil herbicide Frontier Optima, 72% e. c., at a rate of 1.2 l / ha help to reduce weeds up to 91%, and the capacity to obtain a yield of chickpea seeds at 2.12 t / ha.

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