Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Didur Igor Nikolayevich – PhD of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3 е-mail: Didurihor@gmail.com).

Bogomaz Serhii Oleksandrovych – consultant in agronomy of the FOP "Yuneeva E.L."

The article reflects the results of studying the features of the formation of the level of weediness of winter wheat agrocenosis with gradually increasing rates of nitrogen nutrition against the background of the recommended rates of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. A literature review of scientific sources on the impact of the level of mineral nutrition on the formation of segetal vegetation in winter wheat is carried out. The species and generic composition of weeds was determined taking into account various fertilizer options in quantitative and percentage values, on the basis of which a generalization with respect to the specifics of additional mineral nutrition from the standpoint of influencing the growth in the number of the most dominant species and genera of weeds was made. The effect of fertilizers on the indicators of quantitatively weighted weediness, which ultimately made it possible to formulate a useful interval for reducing the level of weediness by a certain interval for increasing the fertilizer rate is estimated. Based on the conducted studies, the specifics of the effect of fertilizers on ensuring the corresponding levels of competitive stress between winter wheat plants and weed plants are formulated. The nature of the species distribution of agrophytocenoses of winter wheat and weeds in the context of individual species by biological characteristics is determined. Fertilizer rate of 60 kg/ha d.r. in the conditions of our research, the Podolyanka variety can be marked as a landmark in the system of ensuring a sufficient level of cenotic tension, which determines the subsequent reduction of the weediness indicator with an increase in the rate of nitrogen mineral nutrition. Prospects for further research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the options for modern fractional application to the main critical periods of winter wheat on the formation of weed levels against this background are outlined.

1.Palamarchuk V.D., Polishchuk I.S., Venediktov O.M. (2011). Systemy suchasnykh intensyvnykh tekhnolohii u roslynnytstvi [Systems of modern intensive technologies in crop production]. Vinnytsia: FOP Danyliuk [in Ukrainian].

2.Bykin, A.V., Bordyuzha, N.P., Yareshko, V.I. (2010). The role of optimizing nutrition and fertilization of winter wheat by foliar feeding on a background of solid fertilizers in improving the quality of grain, flour and bread in terms of right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine [The role of optimizing nutrition and fertilization of winter wheat]. Scientific Visn. Nat. University – one of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 149, 96-108 [in Ukrainian].

3.Demeshev L.F., Baranovskyi A.V., Yefremenko O.V., Pavlenko I.N., Ruslanova Ye.V. (2005). Vplyv azotnykh dobryv na produktyvnist i yakist zerna [Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on grain productivity and quality]. Ahronom – Agronomist. № 3. PP. 16-18 [in Ukrainian].

4.Dudkina O.N., Kaplun A.A. (2010). Azotne pidzhyvlennia pshenytsi [Nitrogen fertilization of wheat]. Propozytsiia – The Offer. № 7. PP. 76-77 [in Ukrainian].

5.Lisoval A.P., Makarenko V.M., Kravchenko S.M. (2002). Systema zastosuvannia dobryv [Fertilizer application system]. K.: Vyshcha shkola, 317 p [in Ukrainian].

6.Netis I.T. (1997). Naukove obhruntuvannia ta rozrobka enerhozberihaiuchykh tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia ozymoi miakoi i tverdoi pshenytsi na zroshuvanykh zemliakh pivdnia Ukrainy [Scientific substantiation and development of energy-saving technologies for growing winter soft and durum wheat in the irrigated lands of southern Ukraine]: dys. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia doktora s.-h. nauk: spets. 06.01.09 Roslynnytstv» / I. T. Netis. Kherson: In-t zrosh. zemlerob. NAANU. 352 p [in Ukrainian].

7.Orliuk A.P., Honcharova K.V. (2002). Adaptyvnyi i produktyvnyi potentsial pshenytsi [Adaptive and productive potential of wheat]. Kherson: Ailant [in Ukrainian].

8.Ulich L.I. (2008). Reaktsiia novykh sortiv ozymoi pshenytsi na umovy vyroshchuvannia [Response of new winter wheat varieties to growing conditions]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Umanskoho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu – Collection of scientific works of Uman State Agrarian University. [zb. nauk. pr.]. Issue. 67. Ch.1. pp. 74-79 [in Ukrainian].

9.Bodson B., Falisse A. (1990). Reduction of soil nitrogen residues following winter cereal crops by optimal application of nitrogen fertilizer. Guiot: Material international symposium “Nitrates – agriculture – eau”, (Paris-La Défence, 7-8 Nowember 1990). Paris-La Défence, France. pp. 455-460 [in English].

10.Guidelines on nitrogen management in agricultural systems (2008). IAEA, VIENNA. 237 p [in English].

11.Metodyka derzhavnoho sortovyprobuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur (2000). [Methods of state variety testing of crops]. Issue. 1. [in Ukrainian].

12.Kosolap M.P. (2004). Herbolohiia: navchalnyi posibnyk [Herbology: a textbook]. K.: Aristei [in Ukrainian].

13.Ushkarenko V.O., Nikishenko V.L., Holoborodko S.P., Kokovikhin S.V. (2008). Dyspersiinyi i koreliatsiinyi analiz u zemlerobstvi ta roslynnytstvi: navchalnyi posibnyk [Analysis of variance and correlation in agriculture and crop production: a textbook]. Kherson: Ailant [in Ukrainian].