Agriculture and forestry

Tsyhanskyi Viacheslav – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of plant and horticulture of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, e–mail: tsiganskiyslava@gmail.com).

Mykutskyi Yury – graduate student of the department of plant and horticulture of VNAU (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna St., 0960368054).

During a two-year research cycle, the vitality of maize agrocenosis of FAO hybrids in the range of 200-300 at seven planting densities from 40 to 100 thousand plants/ha with a technological variant of 10 thousand plants/ha was assessed. The evaluation included the use of indicators of maize plant vital tactics with the assessment of morphological blocks of plants by indicators that determine the intensity of growth processes and the dynamics of aboveground biomass formation and was based on the proven positive correlations between the indices of morphometric development of plants and their predicted productivity. The main indicators of the vitality state of the agrocenosis used were widely tested indicators (which, incidentally, were first used in this way on maize), in particular, the vitality coefficient, the agrocenosis quality index, and the agrophytocenosis prosperity index. Based on the results of recording the main morphometric parameters of plants, namely: plant height (cm), stem diameter at the base (cm), height of the lower cob attachment (cm), number of leaves per plant (pcs.), area of the inflated leaf (cm2), area of the assimilation surface per plant (cm2), cob length (cm), cob diameter (cm), number of rows of grains (pcs. ), number of grains in a row (pcs.), weight of 1000 grains (g). an average array was formed, which allowed to determine the derived values of the optimality of the corresponding planting densities of hybrids of different maturity groups and to link them through the value of the vitality coefficient (IVC) with the level of yield of hybrids and the overall level of their bioproductivity. As a result, conclusions were drawn on the agrotechnological regulations of planting densities for hybrids of different maturity groups on an unfertilised background on grey forest soils in the Forest-Steppe of right-bank Ukraine. Proposals are also made on the prospects for the use of vitality approaches in the search for optimal technological solutions for the development of individual components of adaptive technologies for growing corn for grain.

1. Solomon K.F., Chauhan Y., Zeppa A. (2017). Risks of yield loss due to variation in optimum density for different maize genotypes under variable environmental conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. Vol. 203. № 6. Р. 519–527. DOI:10.1111/jac.12213. [in English].

2. Assefa Y., Carter P., Hinds M., Bhalla G., Schon R., Jeschke M., Paszkiewicz S., Smith S., Ciampitti I.A. (2018). Analysis of long term study indicates both agronomic optimal plant density and increase maize yield per plant contributed to yield gain. Scientific Reports. Vol. 8. Р. 37-49. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23362-x. [in English].

3. Tokatlidis I.S. (2017). Crop adaptation to density to optimise grain yield: breeding implications. Euphytica. Vol. 213. № 4. Р. 15–29. DOI:10.1007/s10681-017-1874-8. [in English].

4. Bahatchenko V.V., Tahantsova M.M., Stefkivska Yu.L. (2018). Vplyv hustoty stoiannia roslyn kukurudzy na nasinnievu produktyvnist batkivskykh komponentiv hibrydiv Zea mays L. [Effect of maize plant density on seed productivity of parental components of Zea mays L. hybrids.] Naukovi pratsi Instytutu bioenerhetychnykh kultur i tsukrovykh buriakiv – Scientific papers of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet. Issue. 26. 56–66. [in Ukrainian].

5. Pashchenko Yu.M., Borysov V.M., Shyshkina O.Iu. (2009). Adaptyvni i resursozberezhni tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia hibrydiv kukurudzy [Adaptive and resource-saving technologies for growing maize hybrids]. Dnipropetrovsk: ART-PRES. [in Ukrainian].

6. Lykhochvor V.V., Petrychenko V.F., Ivashchuk P.V. (2008). Zernovyrobnytstvo [Cereals production]. Lviv: NVF Ukr. Tekhnolohii. [in Ukrainian].

7. Tsykov V.S. (2003). Kukurudza: tekhnolohiia, hibrydy, nasinnia [Corn: technology, hybrids, seeds]. Dnipropetrovsk: Vyd-vo Zoria. [in Ukrainian].

8. Zhemela H.P., Barabolia O.V., Liashenko V.V., Liashenko Ye.V., Liashenko Ye.S., Podoliak V.A.S., Podoliak V.A. (2021). Formuvannia zernovoi produktyvnosti hibrydiv kukurudzy zalezhno vid normy vysivu [Formation of grain productivity of maize hybrids depending on seeding rate]. Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii − Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. № 1. 97–105. DOI: 10.31210/visnyk2021.01.11. [in Ukrainian].

9. Kaminskyi V.F. (2013). Naukovometodychni osnovy doslidzhen z rozroblennia tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur [Scientific and methodological foundations of research on the development of crop cultivation technologies]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Natsionalnoho naukovoho tsentru «Instytut zemlerobstva NAAN» – Collection of scientific papers of the National Scientific Centre ‘Institute of Agriculture of NAAS. Issue. 1/2. 3–9. [in Ukrainian].

10. Vozhehova R.A. (2015). Naukovo-praktychni rekomendatsii z tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia kukurudzy v umovakh zroshennia Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy [Scientific and practical recommendations on maize cultivation technology under irrigation conditions in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine]. Kherson. [in Ukrainian].

11. Zlobin Yu.A. (2009). Populiatsiina ekolohiia roslyn: suchasnyi stan, punkty rostu. Sumy [Population ecology of plants: current state, growth points]: Universytet. Knyha. [in Ukrainian].

12. Zlobin Yu.A. (2018). Alhorytm otsinky vitalitetu osobyn roslyn i vitalitetnoi struktury fitopopuliatsii [Algorithm for estimating the vitality of plant individuals and the vitality structure of phytopopulations]. Chornomorskyi botanichnyi zhurnal – Black Sea Botanical Journal. Vol. 14. № 3. 213–226. DOI: 10.14255/2308-9628/18.143/2. [in Ukrainian].

13.Tsytsiura Ya.H. (2019). Otsinka efektyvnosti konstruiuvannia ahrofitotsenoziv ta udobrennia redky oliinoi na osnovi modulno-vitalitetnoho metodu [Evaluation of the effectiveness of agrophytocenosis design and fertilization of oil radish based on the modular-vital rate method]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 3 (14). 57–78. DOI: 10.37128/2476626-2019-3-5. [in Ukrainian].

14. Lebid M. Metodyka provedennia polovykh doslidiv z kukurudzoiu (2008). [Methods of performing field experiments with maize]. Dnipropetrovsk. [in Ukrainian].

15. Ushkarenko V.O. Metodyka polovoho doslidu: navchalnyi posibnik (2014). [Methods of field research: a tutorial]. Kherson : Hrin D.S. [in Ukrainian].