Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Didur Ihor Mykolayovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Acting the director of the Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, email: didurihor@gmail.com).

Tsyhanskyi Viacheslav – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production and Horticulture of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, email: tsiganskiyslava@gmail.com).

The process of photosynthesis and the intensity of its work are the basis of the formation of productivity and the level of productivity of agrophytocenoses of agricultural crops, including soybeans. One of the main tasks of modern intensive cultivation technologies is the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the assimilation surface, its long-term operation and the maximum accumulation of organic matter by plants. This scientific article presents the results of field research on the impact of biological preparations of different mechanisms of action created on the basis of phosphorus and potassium mobilizing and mycorrhizal forming bacteria on the photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops at different levels of mineral fertilization, namely on the dynamics of the leaf surface area, the formation of the photosynthetic potential of crops and net productivity of photosynthesis. Field research was conducted on gray forest medium-loamy soils at the experimental field of the Agronomic Research Field of VNAU during 2017-2021. According to the results of the research and the processing of the obtained data, it was established that the use of Groundfix soil biofertilizer at the rate of 5 l/ha during the pre-sowing cultivation period and the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the biological preparation Micofrend at the rate of 1,5 l/t against the background of complete mineral fertilization ensured the formation of the maximum in the experiment the area of the assimilation surface was 40,4 thousand m2/ha, which exceeded the control by 11,6 thousand m2/ha. In addition, based on the calculations, it was found that this version of fertilizer provided the formation of the highest photosynthetic potential in the experiment at the level of 3,153 million m2 days/ha, and the net productivity of photosynthesis, which, depending on the interphase period, was 5,44, 2,16, 1,76, 2,53 and 1,34 g/m2 per day. The article also provides the results of correlation calculations of the closeness of the connection between the area of the leaf surface, the amount of accumulated dry matter and the level of productivity.

1. Chynchyk O.S. Olifirovych S.I. (2023). Fotosyntetychna produktyvnist posiviv soi zalezhno vid vplyvu elementiv tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia [Photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops depending on the influence of elements of growing technology]. Podilskyi visnyk: silske hospodarstvo,tekhnika, ekonomika − Podilskyi Visnyk: agriculture, technology, economy. Issue 1 (38). 55-63 [in Ukrainian].

2. Furman O.V. (2021). Formuvannia fotosyntetychnoi ta nasinnievoi produktyvnosti soi pid vplyvom inokuliatsii ta mineralnykh dobryv v umovakh Lisostepu pravoberezhnoho Ukrainy [The formation of photosynthetic and seed productivity of soybean under the influence of inoculation and mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the right bank of Ukraine]. Colloquium-journal. Warszawa. № 16 (103). Ch. 2. 30-33 [in Poland].

3. Shepilova T.P. (2019). Vplyv biopreparativ na produktyvnist soi u pivnichnomu stepu Ukrainy [The influence of biological preparations on the productivity of soybeans in the northern steppe of Ukraine]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Umanskoho NUS − Collection of scientific works of the Uman National Academy of Sciences. Issue 94 (1). 255-264 [in Ukrainian].

4. Zviazok fotosyntezu z produktyvnistiu roslyn [The relationship between photosynthesis and plant productivity]. ni.biz.ua - Navchalna Informatsiia dlia ukrainskykh studentiv. URL: http://ni.biz.ua/3/3_5/3_57321_svyaz-fotosinteza-s-produktivnostyu-rasteniy.html [in Ukrainian].

5. Zinchenko O.I. (2015). Prohramuvannia vrozhainosti silskohospodarskykh kultur [Crop yield programming]: pidruchnyk. Uman: Redaktsiino-vydavnychyi viddil Umanskoho NUS. 310. [in Ukrainian].

6. Shovkova O.V. (2014). Fotosyntetychna produktyvnist posiviv soi zalezhno vid strokiv sivby ta zastosuvannia mikrodobryv [Photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops depending on the timing of sowing and application of microfertilizers]. Visnyk poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii − Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. Poltava, № 2. 156-160 [in Ukrainian].

7. Zabolotnyi H.M., Mazur V.A., Tsyhanska O.I,, Didur I.M., Tsyhanskyi V.I., Pantsyreva H.V. (2020). Ahrobiolohichni osnovy vyroshchuvannia soi ta shliakhy maksymalnoi realizatsii yii produktyvnosti: monohrafiia Monohrafiia [Agrobiological bases of soybean cultivation and ways of maximum realization of its productivity]. Vinnytsia: VNAU. [in Ukrainian].

8. Zabolotnyi H. M., Tsyhanska O.I. (2015). Rol mineralnoho zhyvlennia u formuvanni fotosyntetychnoho potentsialu soi v umovakh Lisostepu pravoberezhnoho [The role of mineral nutrition in the formation of the photosynthetic potential of soybeans in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe]. Mizhvidomchyi naukovyi tematychnyi zbirnyk «Peredhirne ta hirske zemlerobstvo i tvarynnytstvo» − Interdepartmental scientific thematic collection "Foothill and mountain agriculture and animal husbandry". Lviv-Obroshyno. Issue. 58 (2). 56-62. [in Ukrainian].

9. Ivasiuk Yu.I., Karpenko V.P., Prytuliak R.M. [ta in.] (2017). Osnovy biolohizatsii v tekhnolohiiakh vyroshchuvannia soi [Basics of biologization in soybean cultivation technologies]: monohrafiia (rekomendatsii vyrobnytstvu); za red. V. P. Karpenka. Uman: Vydavets «Sochinskyi M. M.». [in Ukrainian].

10. Mazur V.A., Tkachuk O.P., Didur I.M., Pantsyreva H.V. (2021). Osoblyvosti tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia maloposhyrenykh zernobobovykh kultur [Peculiarities of the technology of cultivation of rare leguminous crops]: monohrafiia. Vinnytsia: TVORY. [in Ukrainian].

11. Palamarchuk V.D., Polishchuk I.S., Mazur V.А., Palamarchuk O.D. (2017). Novitni ahrotekhnolohii u roslynnytstvi [The latest agricultural technologies in crop production]. Vinnytsia: VNAU. [in Ukrainian].

12. Didur, I.M., Tsyhanskyi V.I., Tsyhanskа, О.I. etc. (2019). The effect of fertilizer system on soybean productivity in the conditions of right bank forest-steppe. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9 (1), 76-80 [in English].

13. Dumych V. (2020). Vplyv biopreparativ na efektyvnist vyroshchuvannia soi v zakhidnomu rehioni Ukrainy [The influence of biological preparations on the efficiency of soybean cultivation in the western region of Ukraine]. Tekhniko-tekhnolohichni aspekty rozvytku ta vyprobuvannia novoi tekhniky i tekhnolohii dlia silskoho hospodarstva Ukrainy [Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new equipment and technologies for agriculture in Ukraine]. Issue. 26 (40). 292-298 [in Ukrainian].

14. Metodyka derzhavnoho sortovyprobuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur (2000). [Methods of state varietal testing of crops]. Metody vyznachennia pokaznykiv yakosti roslynnytskoi produktsii − Methods for determining the quality of plant products]. Kyiv. Issue. 7. 144. [in Ukrainian].

15. Yeshchenko V.O., Kopytko P.H., Opryshko V.P., Kostohryz P.V. (2005). Osnovy naukovykh doslidzhen v ahronomii [Basics of scientific research in agronomy]. Za red. V.O. Yeshchenka. Uman: Diia. [in Ukrainian].