Agriculture and forestry

Pelekh Ludmila Viktorivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD),Senior Lecturer of the Department of Soil Management, Soil Science andAgrochemistry, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. (21008, Vinnytsia town,Soniachna Str. build 3/2, e-mail: gogoluda69@gmail.com).

The article presents and substantiates the peculiarities of spring wheat cultivation depending on the genotype, type of predecessor and different fertilizer rates. The varietal comparison of agrocenoses of foreign selection was made. The signs of influence of separate elements of technology on the field similarity of plants, their value of productive tillering and yield changes of spring wheat varieties. The share of influence of factors and their interaction on formation of spring wheat grain yield was determined. The research found that the field germination of spring wheat seeds after soybean, sunflower and corn varied depending on the year of research. For the cultivar Aquilon, the greatest variation in percent similarity was found between 2019 and 2020, ranging from 2.6% after soybeans to 5.0% after sunflowers. For the Collada variety, this difference was less and was 1.6% and 1.9% after soybean and sunflower, respectively. Therefore, the Collada variety was more plastic in relation to the predecessor. The highest coefficient of productive tillering of spring wheat plants in the variety Aquilon 1,90-1,93 was obtained with the fertilizer N120Р60К60. For the variety Shiroko productive tillering rate increased by 4-9% when N60Р60К60 was applied. When N120Р60К60 was applied, this figure rose by 7-12% and was 1.85-1.92. For the variety Kollada coefficient of productive tillering 1.85 was the highest after corn on grain and the application of mineral fertilizers in the rate of N120Р60К60. On average for two years of research grain yield of spring wheat variety Shiroko varied in the range of 4.38-6.38 t/ha, in the variety Aquilon - 4.02-6.07 t/ha, and in the variety Kollada - 5.36- 6.61 t/ha depending on the variants of experience. The share of the influence of the factors fertilizer, variety, forecrop was 55%, 18% and 9%, respectively. Between the interaction of factors the combination fertilizer-variety - was the highest and amounted to 2,3%.

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