Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Tsyhanskyi Viacheslav – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, e–mail: tsiganskiyslava@gmail.com).

Mashenko Vitaly – a graduate student of the Department of Forestry and Horticulture of VNAU (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna St.).

The general aspects of the system of corrective fertilization of corn for grain were evaluated and generalized against the background of the recommended basic mineral fertilizer. Generalizations about the use of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers in combination with microfertilizers on the effectiveness of realizing the adaptive potential of modern intensive maize hybrids were evaluated based on the analysis of literature data. The scheme of application of amide form of nitrogen in the form of 5% urea solution in the variant of foliar fertilization in combination with highly effective chelated microfertilizers for two phenological phases of 5-6 and 8-9 leaves in maize was developed. It has been determined that the use of amide forms of nitrogen for foliar feeding of grain maize is more expedient and technologically efficient at earlier phenostage of its application starting from the phase of 5 true leaves, which guarantees a 14.8 % higher overall effect than the application of this form in the period of 8 true leaves of the crop. At the same time, the effect of microfertilizers on the stem height and the area of the plant's amplification surface had the opposite trend - greater increases in the resulting value of 3.8% compared to the control were obtained in the variant of chelated microfertilizers in the phase of 8 true leaves. In view of this, with the one-component application of chelated micronutrient fertilizers in foliar feeding, the regimen of their application should be shifted to the interval of phases 7-9 leaves. It has been proved that the combined use of amide form of nitrogen and chelated micronutrient fertilizers in foliar application should be based on the established technological terms of urea application, which can significantly increase the positive effect of this combination in terms of both general growth processes and the structure of individual grain productivity of maize plants. As a result, it was confirmed that the maximum level of productivity in maize is achieved by double application of the amide form of nitrogen during the growing season in the critical phases of 5-6 and 8-9 leaves in combination with chelated microfertilizers containing zinc and additional trace elements in the chelate groups, with an average increase over the two-year period of research to the control at the level of 0.82 t/ha (13.2% of the total increase over the control variant).

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