Agriculture and forestry

Shcatula Yurii – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate of Professor of the department of agriculture, soil science and agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonaychna St. 3., e-mail: shkatula@vsau.vin.ua).

Votyk Volodymyr – postgraduate student of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna Street, e-mail: Votyk_volodymyr@ukr.net).

Kuzemsky V.M. – engineer for organization, operation and repair of LLC "Center Agro Service" (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna St., 3).

Weed counts on chickpea crops revealed a mixed type of weed infestation. The most common among dicotyledons are white quinoa, rough mustard, common bindweed, small-flowered galigsoga, odorless chamomile, field bindweed, and pink thistle; among cereals: blue marestail, common bentgrass, and creeping wheatgrass. The chemical method dominates in the system of protective measures for chickpea cultivation. The use of herbicides during the most vulnerable periods of weed growth, namely during seed germination, creates the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of chickpea plants by eliminating competition for light, moisture, nutrients, etc. To reduce the phytotoxic (negative) effects of herbicides on chickpea plants, tank mixtures of herbicides should be used in reduced doses, chickpea seeds should be inoculated, and biological products with immunomodulatory properties and stimulating activity should be used during the growing season. The application of Harness herbicide, 90% c.e., at a rate of 3.0 l/ha before chickpea germination leads to a decrease in weed vegetation one month after the application of the herbicide to 86% compared to the control plots. This preparation effectively destroyed annual cereal weeds by 94% compared to the control plots and was less effective against annual dicotyledonous weeds, up to 77% compared to the control. On the plots where Frontier Optima herbicide was applied, 72% e.c. at a rate of 1.2 l/ha, the number of weeds was within 20 pcs/m2 a month after application, and the level of weediness decreased by 88% compared to the control plots (natural weediness). This herbicide effectively killed cereal weeds and was selective to dicotyledonous weeds. At the time of chickpea harvesting, the number of weeds was within 27 pcs/m2, and the level of weediness decreased by 84% compared to the control plots. With the complex use of herbicides Harness and Frontier Optima in reduced consumption rates, a better effect on weed control in chickpea crops was noted. The level of weed infestation during the chickpea harvesting period decreased by 88% compared to the control plots. It should be noted that this composition of soil herbicides had reduced application rates and was characterized by prolonged action against weeds. The highest yields of chickpea seeds were in the variant where inoculation with Rhizobophyte was carried out at a rate of 1.0 l/t before sowing chickpea, a tank mixture of herbicide Harness + Frontier Optima was applied at application rates of 2.5-1.0 l/ha, and in the phase of 3-4 leaves, foliar application of the biological preparation Agrinos B was carried out. As a result of the measures taken, the yield of chickpea seeds averaged 2.44 t/ha over the years of research, which is 2.07 t/ha more than in the control plots.

1.Liubych V.V., Krasnoshtan V.I., Voitovska V.I. ta in. (2023). Formuvanniayakosti nasinnia riznykh sortiv nutu. [Formation of seed quality of different chickpea varieties]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Umanskoho natsionalnoho universytetu sadivnytstva – Collection of scientific works of Uman National University of Horticulture. Issue 102. Part. 1. 109–115. DOI: 10.32782/2415-8240-2023-102-1-109-115. [in Ukrainian].

2.Kalenska S.M., Novytska N.V. (2012). Formuvannia vrozhaiu nutu pidvplyvom elementiv tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia [Chickpea yield formation under the influence of elements of cultivation technology.]. Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii – Вulletin of Poltava State Agrarian Academy. № 2. 21–25. [in Ukrainian].

3.Moisiienko V.V. (2017). Naukove obhruntuvania shliakhiv pidvyshchenniaproduktyvnosti nutu (CICER ARIETINUM L.) v Ukraini. [Scientific substantiation of ways to increase the productivity of chickpea (CICER ARIETINUM L.) in Ukraine.]. Visnyk Zhytomyrskoho natsionalnoho ahroekolohichnoho universytetu – Bulletin of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, № 2 (61), Vol. 1. 3–11. [in Ukrainian].

4.Koloianidi N.O. (2021). Vplyv herbitsydiv ta sposobiv sivby na produktyvnistnutu v umovakh Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy : [Influence of herbicides and sowing methods on the productivity of chickpea in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine: Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD) degree: 06.01.09 / Mykolaiv National Agrarian University] Candidate’s thesis. Mykolaiv. [in Ukrainian].

5.Shkatula Yu.M., Votyk V.O. (2024). Ekonomichnyi ta enerhetychnyi analizefektyvnosti vyroshchuvannia nutu pid vplyvom biolohichnykh preparativ ta herbitsydiv. [Economic and energy analysis of the efficiency of chickpea cultivation under the influence of biological products and herbicides]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 1. (32). 140–152. DOI:10.37128/2707-5826-2024-1-11. [in Ukrainian].

6.Zabarna T.A., Chereshniuk V.V. (2023). Biolohichna azotfiksatsiia, yak sposibpidvyshchennia vrozhainosti soi. [Biological nitrogen fixation as a way to increase soybean yields]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 3. (30). 76–91. DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2023-3-6. [in Ukrainian].

7.Ivashchenko O.O. (2018). Herbolohiia – priorytety i perspektyvy. [Herbology -priorities and prospects]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn – Quarantine and plant protection. № 3. 2–3. [in Ukrainian].

8.Makukh Ya.P., Remeniuk S.O., Smikh V.M. (2017). Kontroliuvannia burianivv posivakh nutu. [Weed control in chickpea crops]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn – Quarantine and plant protection. № 1–3. 9–11. [in Ukrainian].

9.Karpenko V.P., Hrytsaienko Z.M., & Prytuliak R.M. (2012). Biolohichniosnovy intehrovanoi dii herbitsydiv i rehuliatoriv rostu roslyn. [Biological bases of integrated action of herbicides and plant growth regulators]. Uman. [in Ukrainian].

10.Zabarna T.A., Chereshniuk V.V. (2024). Ahroekolohichni aspektyvyroshchuvannia soi (Glycine max L.) v Ukraini. [Agroecological aspects of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivation in Ukraine]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal –Agroecological Journal. № 1. 108–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2024.299945. [in Ukrainian].

11.Karpenko V.P., Korobko O.O. (2018). Vplyv biolohichno aktyvnykhrechovyn na rostovi protsesy roslyn nutu v umovakh Pravoberezhnoho lisostepu. [Influence of biologically active substances on the growth processes of chickpea plants in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe]. Podilskyi visnyk: silske hospodarstvo, tekhnika, ekonomika – Podilskyi Visnyk: agriculture, technology, economy. Issue 29. 17–24. [in Ukrainian].

12.Shkatula Yu.M., Votyk V.O. (2020). Shliakhy pidvyshchennia vrozhainostinasinnia nutu. [Ways to increase the yield of chickpea seeds]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 2 (17). 195–208. DOI:10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-18. [in Ukrainian].

13.Borona V.P., Zadorozhnyi V.S., Karasievych V.V. (2013). Buriany vposivakh nutu. [Weeds in chickpea crops]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn – Quarantine and plant protection. № 12. 7–9. [in Ukrainian].

14.Bushulian O.V., Sichkar V.I., Babaiants O.V. (2014). Zakhyst nutu vidshkidlyvykh orhanizmiv. [Protection of chickpea from pests]. Ahronom – Agronomist. № 2. 156–161. [in Ukrainian].

15.Trybel S.O., Siharova D.D., Sekun M.P. ta in. (Eds.). (2001). Metodykavyprobuvannia i zastosuvannia pestytsydiv. [Мethods of testing and application of pesticides.]. Kyiv. Svit. [in Ukrainian].

16.Babych A.O. (Eds.). (1996). Metodyka provedennia doslidiv ukormovyrobnytstvi. [Methods of conducting experiments in fodder production]. Vinnytsia. [in Ukrainian].

17.Hudz S.O. (2021). Osoblyvosti formuvannia mikrobiotsenozu hruntivlisostepu Ukrainy za riznoho stupenia antropohennoho navantazhennia korotkorotatsiinykh sivozmin :[Features of the formation of microbiocenosis of soils of the forest-steppe of Ukraine at different degrees of anthropogenic load of short rotation crop rotations] Candidate’s thesis. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].

18.Shkatula Yu.M., Votyk V.O. (2020). Kontroliuvannia burianiv vahrotsenozakh nutu. [Weed control in chickpea agrocenoses]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 4 (19). 135–147. DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2020-4-12. [in Ukrainian].