Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Goncharuk Grigory Semenovich – Сandidate of Аgricultural  Sciences, Head of the Laboratory for the cultivation of  bioenergetic crops on low-yielding lands of the Yaltushkivsky DSS of the IBK and SB of the NAAS (23021, Vinnitsa region, Barsky district, Chereshneve village, Molodizhna St., 17, sq. 1, e-mail: goncharukgr @gmail.com).

Bronnikova Lina Feodosiivna – Senior Teacher of Department of the Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Vinnytsya National Agrarian University (21021 m. Vinnytsya, pr. Cosmonauts of line-ups. 23 apt. 97, e-mail: linabronnikova@gmail.com).

The article highlights the results of evaluation of the formation of biosecurity quality indicators of bioenergetic crops (Miskanthus, Swiggrass, Energy Willow) by indicators that determine the productivity of raw materials and their suitability for use on biofuel purposes. The modern literature devoted to issues of peculiarities of phytobioenergetics in Ukraine and features of mineral nutrition of crop data is worked out. The hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period of energy crops during the years of research have been analyzed and a detailed description of the agrochemical properties of the soil in the arable layer for the cultivation of bioenergetic plants and the conditions and methods of conducting the research are given. It has been established that the variation of the studied agrochemical indicators of soils by years is generally insignificant and makes up for the content of humus - 17%, for the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - 32.5%, for the content of mobile phosphorus -12%, for the content of exchangeable potassium - 22 %, and the coefficient of variation of the pH of the soil solution does not exceed 4%, which indicates the relative homogeneity of the soil cover within the studied area.

Conclusions are made regarding the accumulation of a number of chemical substances from the soil in the plant mass of the above cultures and, accordingly, the general conclusion about the demand for energy crops for agrochemical elemental soil provision. The aspects of the influence of agrochemical properties of the soil on the value of bio-raw materials of these cultures in terms of their bioenergetic application, taking into account the life of the plantation, are analyzed. A chemical analysis of the above-ground part of bioenergetic plants was conducted, and it was established that the maximum nitrogen content of 1.0% was obtained in the stems of the switchgear and energy willow in 2017, phosphorus - 0.85% also in the stems, but the plants of the miscanthus and potassium - 3.48 % in the leaves of plants of miskanthus and energy willow in 2017.

In general, based on the evaluation of the chemical composition of high-energy crops, the prospects for using their biomass as a source of bioenergy production. Annotated directions of improvement of the composition of energy biosources at the expense of optimization of agrochemical soil regimes.

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