Agriculture and forestry

Verheles Pavlo Mykolaiovych − Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of VNAU. (21008, Vinnytsia, 5/42 Solnechna St., e-mail: pasha425@gmail.com, 0978165129).

Oleksandr Gumeniuk – PhD student at the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of the Vinnytsia National Academy of Sciences. (21008, Vinnytsia, 5/42 Solnechna St., e-mail: gav2@bio-group.net, 0687134199).

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of biological protection of tomatoes against late blight in protected ground. The article summarises the peculiarities of the phytopathogenic situation in tomato agrocenoses in greenhouses under artificial climate control. A brief literature review was conducted from the point of view of modern strategies for controlling late blight in closed, artificially regulated tomato agrocenoses. The level of damage caused by late blight over a multi-year period was assessed from the point of view of both the reduction of tomato yields and pathogen resistance to new active substances and their combination. In the course of the study, the variants of application of classical fungicides in the composition of modern active substances (Kurzat M 68% wdg, 0,2–0,3 g/m2; Zorvek Incantia, 33% s.e. – 0,05 ml/m2; Banjo Forte KS, 0,1 ml/m2) with the use in the phenological stage period from intensive branching to fruit formation (VVSN 42-73), as well as the option of single sequential application of recommended biological products of fungicidal nature (Trichodermin (VIRIDIN), 20 g, 20 g/5 l of water/1 hundred square metres; Phytocide-p, 5 ml / 5 l of water / 1 hectare; Biological fungicide for tomatoes Effect, 5 g / 5 l of water / 1 hectare) and the option of their maximum combination in the same phenological period as the use of classical fungicides. It was found that the degree of damage to the bush by late blight (Ph. infestans de Bary) during the period of research in the farm conditions was noticeable (8,3%) and medium (12,7%) according to the standard scale of accounting. It has been determined that the system of purely biological variant with a single use of alternative fungicides is inferior to the variant of using the classical line of fungicides available on the Ukrainian market - on average, during the research period, the effectiveness of the classical scheme of fungicide application against tomato late blight at the enterprise was 86.45%, and the alternative biological –76.80%, which is 9.65% lower. For the variant with the intensification of the use of biological protection preparations against late blight, the average protection efficiency for two years of research was up to 85,1%. It was proved that the economic efficiency of the variant of classical pesticides application was maximum and provided an increase in tomato yield to the control on average at the level of 6,2 kg/m2 during the research period. Of the variants of biological protection systems, the most effective was the variant of combined use of biological preparations of fungicidal nature at the level of 5,5 kg/m2. It has been established that the variants of biological control systems of late blight of tomatoes in protected ground have quite significant prospects in comparison with the use of popular active ingredients of classical fungicides. In particular, for the conditions of the region, in order to maintain the high efficiency of the protection system and guarantee a high level of yield and quality of tomatoes, we recommend a variant that provides for the maximum combination of such biological fungicides of complex action as Fitotsid-r, Effect, Trichodermin during the vegetation of tomatoes.

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