Agriculture and forestry

Razanov Sergey Fedorovich – Doctor of Sciences, Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, (Vinnytsia, 3, Solnychna St. Е-mail: vnau.eco@i.ua).

Tkachuk Oleksandr Petrovich – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior instructor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Solnychna St. E-mail: top@vsau.vin.ua).

The ecological suitability of leguminous perennial grasses as precursors of winter wheat has been studied in terms of setting the time from harvesting grasses and plowing grass to sowing winter wheat; Establishment of the need for intermediate cultivation between plowing of legumes of perennial grasses and sowing of winter wheat; soil moisture during the sowing time of winter wheat. The yields of grain, straw and the total biomass of plants formed by winter wheat crops after various precursors of leguminous perennial grasses have been determined.

From legumes perennial grasses that formed two slopes, earlier release the field clover raccoon and beetle horned, and most recently - an easterly goat. All grasses, in addition to alfalfa seeds and whiteberries, only require plowing under winter wheat crops, and the named grasses still require intermediate cultivation: after alfalfa seeding - 15 days after the plowing to destroy the perennial plants of alfalfa, and after the whip of white – in 30 days after plowing to destroy sprout weeds. Soil moisture in a 10-cm layer of soil at the time of wintering wheat after various bean perennial grasses was 10,0-14,4%. Most of all - after a whip of white, and the smallest - after a hare catcher. Among the grasses, forming in the year of wintering wheat sowing, two slopes, the highest soil moisture had soil after the cranberry and sandstone – 12,1%.

The yield of winter wheat grain after bean predecessors was 4,03-5,80 t/ha. The highest yields ensure the growth of winter wheat after the clover of the ray. 10,2% lower grain yields the growth of winter wheat after a bitter white and 14,0% less – after the sandstone espresso. The yield of winter wheat after the cattle horn was the lowest – by 30,5% less than after the clover of the ray.

Beetroot clover precursor of winter wheat contributes to the formation of the highest grain yield of winter wheat and the greatest correlation between the weight of grain and straw in favor of grain. This is achieved by a long period from the harvesting of the last slope of the clover of ray and accumulation of sufficient soil moisture at the time of wintering of winter crops. The growth of winter wheat after the eastern goat causes the formation of the greatest straw yield and the least correlation between the weight of grain and straw. The predecessor of the espaces of sand forms the largest harvest of winter wheat straw. White currant as a precursor of winter wheat causes the highest crop of straw and total biomass of plants. This is achieved by the longest period of all grasses from the harvesting of the last slope to the winter wheat sowing and the highest soil moisture at the time of winter wheat sowing. The cultivation of winter wheat after the horned lion causes the formation of the lowest crop of winter wheat and its straw, as well as the smallest biomass of plants. The main reason for this is the lowest level of soil moisture at the time of sowing, despite the early harvesting of the last slope. Use of winter wheat precursors of small-year-old bean perennial herbs (clover of rayon, white husk, espaces of sand) contributes to the formation of significantly higher yields of winter wheat and total biomass of the plant, compared with predecessors of perennial herbs that are vegetative for a long period of time (long bovine horn, alfalfa sowing, oriental goat).

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