Agriculture and forestry

Tyrus Mariia Lvivna − Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Acting Head of the Department of Technology in Crop Production, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology of Lviv (80381, Dubliany, Lviv district, Lviv region, Ukraine).

To establish the yield of amaranth and the formation of productivity elements depending on the method and depth of sowing in 2021–2023, field studies were conducted at the experimental field of the Lviv National University of Environmental Management. In two experiments, four sowing methods with row spacings of 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm and five options with different seed embedding depths were studied: 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm. The number of plants of the Lera variety per unit area depended on the sowing method and ranged within 22-24 plants/m2. As a result of optimizing the feeding area for sowing with row spacings of 15 cm and 30 cm, a longer panicle was formed on these options - 68 cm. The mass of seeds per plant was the highest (18.0 g) with a row spacing of 45 cm. The biological yield of amaranth grain when sowing with row spacings of 15 cm and 30 cm was almost at the same level of 4.06 and 4.09 t/ha. When the row spacing was 45 cm, it decreased by 0.13 t/ha, and when sowing at 60 cm, it decreased by 0.26 t/ha. When sowing to a depth of 1-3 cm, the length of the panicle was 63-65 cm, and when the seed embedding depth was 4 cm and 5 cm, it was only 53 cm and 42 cm. The mass of seeds from one plant is higher in the variants with the optimal embedding depth. The relatively insignificant difference (0.8–2.1 g) between the variants with a sowing depth of 1-3 cm and 4-5 cm is explained by a much smaller number of plants in the variants with a greater sowing depth. The weight of 1000 seeds was also the highest at a sowing depth of 1-3 cm, where it was 0.81-0.84 g. At a sowing depth of 4-5 cm, this indicator sharply decreased to 0.72-0.70 g. The highest biological yield of amaranth grain of the Kharkivskyi 1 variety was formed at a sowing depth of 2 cm – 3.88 t/ha. It decreased by 0.21 t/ha at a sowing depth of 1 cm and by 0.41 t/ha when the seeds were covered to a depth of 3 cm. At sowing depths of 4 cm and 5 cm, the yield decreased to 2.37 t/ha and 1.62 t/ha, respectively, or by 1.51 t/ha and 2.26 t/ha. The highest plant density (23-24 g/m2), panicle length (68 cm), 1000-grain weight (0.90-0.92 g) and yield (4.06-4.09 t/ha) of amaranth grain of the Lera variety were formed when sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm and 30 cm. The highest yield (3.88 t/ha) of amaranth variety Kharkivskyi 1 was formed at a sowing depth of 2 cm. Such yield was obtained at a plant density of 28 pcs/m2, panicle length of 65 cm, seed weight per plant of 14.4 g, and 1000-seed weight of 0.84 g.

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