Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Mazur Viktor Anatoliiovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate  Professor of the Plant Growing, Selection and Bioenergetic Cultures Department, Rector of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vice-President of ESPC Ukrainian Scientific-Educational Consortium (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St.3, е-mail: rector@vsau.org ).

Branitskyi Yurii Yuriyovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Director of the Uladovo-Lyulinetsky Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergetic Cultures and Sugar Beet NAAS (Vinnytia region, Kalynivka, district, Uladivske, Samolevska Str., 15).

Tsytsiura Yaroslav Grigoryevich – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Soil Management, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Address: 21008, Vinnytsia town, Soniachna st., build 5/42, e-mail: yaroslavtsytsyura@ukr.net).

The article presents the results of studying the effectiveness of options for biologizing the fertilization system and related factors of the impact of options for using post-harvest green manure in the technology of growing grain corn on gray forest and chernozem soils. The effectiveness of the use of cruciferous green manure crops, such as white mustard, oil radish and spring rape, has been investigated. Evaluation of the effectiveness of green manure was carried out both by the species factor and by the method of sowing green manure plants, in particular, the usual row and wide-row methods. The features of the influence of late autumn post-harvest green manure on the formation of agrophysical soil properties, such as the duty cycle in its categories and soil density, taking into account the optimization of the air properties of the soil and the restoration of its structure in the technologies of adaptive cultivation of agricultural crops, have been studied. The role of green manure crops in providing herbicide-free control of the level of weed infestation was assessed both from the standpoint of controlling the number of various types of weeds and from the standpoint of regulating their development and prevalence. The formation of segetal vegetation in crops of corn for grain was investigated in the format of determining the effectiveness of the aftereffect of green manure on the formation of the level of weediness in the late phenological phases of growth and development of corn.  The features of the formation of leafy mass of green manure were investigated, taking into account the temperature and moisture regime.Based on this, an assessment was made of the adaptability of various types of green manure crops depending on the limiting factors of moisture and low temperatures in the variant of summer-autumn use. Conclusions are made about the expediency of using this criterion of the studied cruciferous crops. The influence of green manure crops on the formation of corn yield for grain is shown, taking into account different types of soils and their fertility potential, as well as taking into account the method of sowing green manure. Increases in corn yield were determined in comparison with unfertilized control and their level was assessed in relation to a possible effective alternative replacement of existing options for fertilizing corn with grain. Conclusions are made about the most productive green manure option based on cruciferous species, and prospects for further research and problematic aspects of the use of cruciferous green manure plants are outlined. 

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