Agriculture and forestry

Snitynskyi Volodymyr – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of NAAS, Rector of Lviv National Environmental University (80381, Lviv district, Dublyany, Volodymyra Velykoho str., 1).

Tkachuk Oleksandr − Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of Vinnitsa National Agrarian University. (21008, Vinnitsa city, str. Sunny, 3; e-mail: tkachukop@ukr.net).

Razanova Alla – Senior Lecturer, Lviv National Environmental University (80381, Lviv district, Dublyany, Volodymyra Velykoho str., 1; e-mail: razanovaam@lnup.edu.ua).

Koruniak Olga – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Dean of the Faculty of Agrotechnology and Nature Management, Higher educational institution «Podillia State University» (32316, Khmelnytskyi region, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Shevchenko Str., 12; e-mail: korunyak.dekan.agro@gmail.com).

In contrast to air and water environments, soils do not have the ability to quickly clean, so toxic substances that enter it from the outside can be stored for a long time. At the same time, toxicants, being included in the food chain of soil - plants - living organisms, can reach high levels and have a long duration of action. It is known that the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil occurs under the influence of emissions from industrial enterprises, during irrigation with wastewater, removal of sludge to agricultural lands after wastewater treatment, due to the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, etc. When heavy metals affect soils, there is a change in the soil environment, the occurrence of erosion processes, contamination of agricultural products, etc., which necessitates the search for productive and safe methods of their cleaning. The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of phytoremediation of soil when growing milk thistle when it is fertilized in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Based on the results of the analysis of primary sources, the current problems of soil degradation, their contamination with heavy metals, and the role of phytoremediation are determined. As a result of the research, certain changes in the intensity of the removal of lead, cadmium and zinc from the soil were found when it was fertilized with mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate (60 kg/ha), simple superphosphate (60 kg/ha), potassium chloride (60 kg/ha), NPK mixture fertilizers (60/60/60 kg/ha) and organic fertilizers - humus (20 t/ha), sugar beet lime sludge compost (6 t/ha) and green manure (mustard). It was established that fertilizing gray forest soils with ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate, potassium chloride, and a mixture of NPK fertilizers contributed to the increase of removal with vegetative mass and seeds of milk thistle: lead by 2.14 times, 54.3%, 52.2%, and 87.5 %; cadmium – 3.5 times, 41.9%, 71.1%, 2.2 times; zinc - 2.8 times, 22.7%, 20.1%, 2.6%, respectively. Fertilizing the soil with humus, sugar beet lime sludge compost, green manure increased lead removal from the soil by milk thistle by 60.1%, 42%, 3.9%; cadmium - by 58.0%, 31.3%, 3.2%, zinc - by 2.03 times, 24%, 13.6%, respectively.

1. URL: http://naas.gov.ua/news/?ELEMENT_ID=7434. [in Ukrainian].

2. Dursun S., Symochko L., Mankolli H. (2020). Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil: an overview of principles and criteria of using. Agroekologichnyj zhurnal – Agroecological journal. 3. 6-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2020.211521. [in Ukrainian].

3. Herlina L., Widianarko B., Purnaweni H., Sudarno S., Sunoko H. (2020). Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Croton (Cordiaeumvariegatum) Plants. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 21(5):107–113. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/122238. [in English].

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5. Korchahina I. (2017). Mid. Znachennia ta zastosuvannia u zemlerobstvi [Copper. Significance and application in agriculture]. Ahroekspert – Agroexpert URL: https://agroexpert.ua/mid-znacenna-ta-zastosuvanna-u-zemlerobstvi/[in Ukrainian].

6. Chorna V.I., Voroshylova N.V., Syrovatko V.A. (2018). Cadmium distribution in soils of Dnipropetrovsk oblast and its accumulation in crop production. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 8(1): 910-917. [in Ukrainian].

7. Jegorova T.M., Sapsaj T.P. (2016). Osoblyvosti formuvannja dysbalansu cynku u biogeohimichnyh lancjugah agrolandshaftiv Ukrai'ny [Characteristics of zinc imbalance formation in biogeochemical chains of agrolandscapes of Ukraine]. Tavrijs'kyj naukovyj visnyk – Taurian Scientific Bulletin. Issue. 96. 197-204.[in Ukrainian].

8. Myslyva T.M. (2013). Svynec' i kadmij u gruntah agrolandshaftiv Zhytomyrs'kogo Polissja [Lead and cadmium in soils of agrolandscapes of ZHytomyr Polissya]. Visnyk Sums'kogo nacional'nogo agrarnogo universytetu – Bulletin of the Sumy National Agrarian University. Issue. 3. 43-50. [in Ukrainian].

9. Brajninger O.I. (2022). Osoblyvosti translokacii' ta akumuljacii' vazhkyh metaliv u systemi "g'runt–roslyna–sil's'kogospodars'ka produkcija" [Peculiarity of translocation and accumulation of heavy metals in the system ‘soil – plant – agricultural products]. Tavrijs'kyj naukovyj visnyk – Taurian Scientific Bulletin. Issue. 123. 225-231. [in Ukrainian].

10. Razanov S.F., Tkachuk O.P., Razanova A.M., Bakhmat M.I., Bakhmat O.M.(2020). Intensity of heavy metal accumulation in plants of Silybum marianum L. in conditions of field rotation. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 10 (2): 131-136. DOI:10.15421/2020_75. [in Ukrainian].

11. Vdovenko S.A., Getman N.Ja., Didur I.M. (2021). Intensyvnist' nakopychennja roztoropsheju pljamystoju svyncju ta kadmiju na riznyh g'runtah [The intensity of lead and cadmium accumulation of milk thistle in various soils]. Agrobiologija - Agrobiology. Issue. 2. 15-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-167-2-15-21. [in Ukrainian].

12. Derzhavnij reєstr sortіv roslin, pridatnih dlja poshirennja v Ukraїnі na 2021 rіk [State register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine for 2021]. 523 s. [in Ukrainian].