Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Shcatula Yurii – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate of Professor of the department of agriculture, soil science and agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonaychna St. 3, e-mail: shkatula@vsau.vin.ua).

Votyk Volodymyr – postgraduate student of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonaychna St. 3, e-mail: Votyk_volodymyr@ukr.net).

The main components of the latest chickpea cultivation technologies are competitive varietal technology; development of effective regulations for the use of various types of biological products by treating chickpea seeds before sowing; development of weed control systems in chickpea agrocenoses with the achievement of economic benefits from the introduction of energy-intensive resources, etc. It was established that the cost of gross production in the variant where herbicides were used was 42720-44400 UAH, and in the areas where, in addition to herbicides, chickpea seeds were treated with microbiological preparations Rizobofit + Biopolycide (1 t + 100 ml/t), the cost of gross production was at the level of 53520-54720 UAH. The use of these products led to a significant increase in yields and a further reduction in grain costs. Depending on the treatment of seeds with biological preparations and the use of herbicides, the cost of 1 tonne of grain was in the range of UAH 6644-8127. The highest conditional net profit was recorded in the areas where chickpea seeds were treated with Rizobrfit inoculant and Biopolycid biofungicide before sowing and with Frontier Optima soil herbicide at a rate of 1.2 l/ha - UAH 39715, respectively, with a profitability level of 265%. Energy analysis of chickpea cultivation allows to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of resource and energy-saving technologies in agriculture and crop production, to use energy efficiently, and to prevent environmental pollution. Calculations have shown that the use of soil herbicides increases grain yields, which is accompanied by a higher energy input of 31.49-32.73 MJ/ha. The highest energy yield with chickpea harvest was determined in the variant where before sowing chickpea seeds were treated with microbiological preparations Rhizobophyt + Biopolycide (1 l/t + 100 ml/t), and before the emergence of the crop, the soil herbicide Frontier Optima, 72% c.e., 1.2 l/ha - 40.33 GJ/ha was applied. The use of this composition of preparations in chickpea crops proved to be the most energy-efficient, as the gross energy of the crop increased by 30.6 GJ/ha compared to control I, with an energy efficiency coefficient of 2.44, and is approaching the energy-saving technology of chickpea cultivation. The values of the energy efficiency coefficient indicate a high energy efficiency of chickpea cultivation using biological products and herbicides in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

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