Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Tsyhanskyi Viacheslav – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production and horticulture of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, e–mail: tsiganskiyslava@gmail.com).

Mykhayluk Oleksandr – graduate student of the Department of Plant Production and horticulture of VNAU (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna St., 0960368054).

During the two-year research cycle, the dynamics of aboveground phytomass formation of hybrids of different maturity groups (FAO 200, 300 and 400) was assessed with the evaluation of the indicator in terms of raw biomass and conversion to dry matter). The assessment included dynamic phenostage accounting of the indicator in the context of 5 phenological phases (7-leaf stage (ВВСН 17-18), 12-13 leaf stage (ВВСН 27-28), cob flowering stage (ВВСН 63-65), milk grain maturity (ВВСН 75-77), physiological grain maturity (ВВСН 87-88)). In addition to the accounting of plant phytomass in the dynamics, foliar fertilisation with Vuksal microplant microfertiliser was applied with the distribution of single and binary application. According to the results of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the dynamics of formation of aboveground phytomass of high-intensity hybrids of different maturity groups for multipurpose use were determined, which allowed to determine the peculiarities of this process with a general extension of the plant growing season. The share of influence in the growth of phytomass from the use of foliar fertilisation with a distance from the phase of seed ripening and formation to the maximum technological reach of this stage in a single or combined variant was also determined. The level of yield of maize hybrids was estimated from the perspective of their implementation in the region of research under conditions of unstable moisture on grey forest soils and a conclusion was made about their real production yield potential in accordance with the conditions of declaration by the originator. Based on the comparison of the value of the formed aboveground phytomass of plants of hybrids of different maturity groups at the corresponding phenostages of accounting with the determined grain yield in the same two-year data set, the nature of determination of the characteristics of vegetative mass and grain yield of maize is determined and the possibilities of technological solutions in the development of technologies for growing maize under the predicted dual use (grain, silage (biomass for biogas production)), taking into account additional fertilisation options in the form of foliar fertilisation. The possibility of obtaining both high yields of phytomass and high grain yields under the same technological conditions of growing maize hybrids of different maturity groups with the level of determination of the relationship of this pair of traits at least 73% and the maximum level not less than 94% was statistically proved.

1. Lavrynenko Yu.O., Hozh O.A., Vozhegova R.A. (2016). Productivity of corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on microfertilizers and growth stimulants under irrigation in the south of Ukraine. Agricultural science and practice. № 1. P. 55–60. DOI: 10.15407/agrisp3.01.055. [in English].

2. Vlashchuk A.M., Konashchuk O.P., Drobit O.S. (2018). Dynamika nakopychennia syroi ta sukhoi nadzemnoi biomasy roslynamy kukurudzy v umovakh zroshennia Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy [Dynamics of accumulation of raw and dry aboveground biomass by maize plants under irrigation conditions in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine]. Naukovi dopovidi NUBiP Ukrainy – Scientific reports of NUBiP of Ukraine. № 4 (74). DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.04.006. [in Ukrainian].

3. Tsykov V.S. (2017). Efektyvnist zastosuvannia makro- i mikrodobryv pry vyroshchuvanni kukurudzy [The effectiveness of macro- and microfertilisers in maize cultivation]. Zernovi kultury – Cereal crops. Vol. 1, № 1. 75–79. [in Ukrainian].

4. Kniaziuk O.V., Lypovyi V.H. (2016). Fizioloho-biolohichni osoblyvosti formuvannia produktyvnosti hibrydiv kukurudzy zalezhno vid tekhnolohichnykh pryiomiv vyroshchuvannia [Physiological and biological features of maize hybrids productivity formation depending on technological methods of cultivation]. Ahrobiolohiia – Agrobiology. № 1. 47–53. [in Ukrainian].

5. Lavrynenko Yu.O., Hozh O.A. (2016). Rist i rozvytok roslyn hibrydiv kukurudzy FAO 180–430 za vplyvu rehuliatoriv rostu i mikrodobryv v umovakh zroshennia na Pivdni Ukrainy [Growth and development of maize hybrids FAO 180-430 under the influence of growth regulators and microfertilisers in irrigated conditions in the South of Ukraine]. Mizhnarodnyj tematychnyj naukovyj zbirnyk «Zroshuvane zemlerobstvo» – International thematic scientific collection "Irrigated agriculture". № 65. 128–131. [in Ukrainian].

6. Mazur V.A., Shevchenko N.V. (2018). Formuvannia ploshchi lystkovoi poverkhni roslyn hibrydiv kukurudzy zalezhno vid tekhnolohichnykh pryiomiv vyroshchuvannia [Leaf area formation in maize hybrids depending on cultivation techniques]. Bioresursy i pryrodokorystuvannia – Biological resources and environmental management. Vol. 10, № 1/2. 108–114. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.01.014. [in Ukrainian].

7. Mamchur O.V. (2013). Rol fiziolohichno aktyvnykh rechovyn v ontohenezi roslyn kukurudzy [The role of physiologically active substances in the ontogeny of maize plants]. Naukovyj visnyk Lvivskogo nacionalnogo universytetu veterynarnoyi medycyny ta biotexnologij imeni S.Z. Gzhyczkogo. Seriya "Silskogospodarski nauky" – Scientific Bulletin of the Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after S.Z. Gzhytskyi. Series "Agricultural Sciences". Vol. 15, № 3 (3). 109–119. [in Ukrainian].

8. Nad Ya. (2012). Kukurudza [Maize]. Vinnytsia : FOP Korzun D. Yu. [in Ukrainian].

9. Pashchenko Yu.M., Borysov V.M., Shyshkina O.Yu. (2009). Adaptyvni i resursozberezhni tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia hibrydiv kukurudzy [Adaptive and resource-saving technologies for growing maize hybrids]. Dnipropetrovsk : Art-pres. [in Ukrainian].

10. Bielov Ya.V. (2018). Napriamy optymizatsii tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia kukurudzy za umov zmin klimatu [Directions of optimisation of maize growing technologies under climate change]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomoria – Bulletin of Agricultural Science of the Black Sea Region. Issue. 4. 74–81. DOI.org: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-4(100)-11. [in Ukrainian].

11. Pavlichenko K.V., Hrabovskyi M.B. (2022). Formuvannia biometrychnykh pokaznykiv ta nakopychennia syroi nadzemnoi masy hibrydamy kukurudzy pid vplyvom makro- i mikrodobryv [Formation of biometric parameters and accumulation of crude aboveground mass by maize hybrids under the influence of macro- and microfertilisers]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk. seriya: Silskogospodarski nauky. – Taurian Scientific Bulletin. Series "Agricultural Sciences". № 123. 98–111. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32851/2226-0099.2022.123.14. [in Ukrainian].

12. Pavlichenko K.V., Hrabovskyi M.B. (2022). Urozhainist zelenoi i sukhoi masy hibrydiv kukurudzy ta vykhid biohazu zalezhno vid zastosuvannia makro- i mikrodobryv [Yields of green and dry mass of maize hybrids and biogas yields depending on the use of macro- and microfertilisers]. Mizhnarodnyj tematychnyj naukovyj zbirnyk «Zroshuvane zemlerobstvo» – International thematic scientific collection "Irrigated agriculture". Issue. 77. 79–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32848/0135-2369.2022.77.17. [in Ukrainian].

13. Pavlichenko K.V. (2022). Formuvannia elementiv struktury vrozhaiu hibrydamy kukurudzy na sylos pid vplyvom makro i mikrodobryv [Formation of crop structure elements by maize silage hybrids under the influence of macro and microfertilizers]. Ahrarni innovatsii – Agricultural innovations. № 12. 77–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32848/agrar.innov.2022.12.12. [in Ukrainian].

14. Lebid M. Metodyka provedennia polovykh doslidiv z kukurudzoiu (2008). [Methods of performing field experiments with maize]. Dnipropetrovsk. [in Ukrainian].

15. Ushkarenko V.O. Metodyka polovoho doslidu: navchalnyi posibnik (2014). [Methods of field research: a tutorial]. Kherson : Hrin D.S. [in Ukrainian].