Agriculture and forestry

Palamarchuk Vitalii Dmytrovych – Doctor of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the department of plant production and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3 email: vd-palamarchuk@ukr.net).

Skakun Mykhailo Vasylovych – a postgraduate student at the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Protection, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnologies and Environmental Management, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna Street, 3. Email: mykhaylo.skakun@kws.com).

Based on conducted research and analysis of scientific materials, there is a noted stabilization in the sown areas of corn cultivation both in Ukraine and globally. This trend is primarily driven by the crop’s versatility, particularly its use in producing bioethanol from grain and biogas from silage mass, with the added benefit of generating bio-organic fertilizer in the form of digestate. Research is being carried out under the conditions of LLC «Organic-D» using corn hybrids from two maturity groups: early-medium – Amaros (FAO 230) and P 9071 (FAO 280), and medium – P 9170 (FAO 320) and Burito (FAO 390). As of August 10–14, the dry matter content in the green mass of corn was as follows among the early-medium maturity hybrids: Amaros (FAO 230) – 26.61 %, and P 9071 (FAO 280) – 22.21 %. Among the medium maturity hybrids, the values were: P 9170 (FAO 320) – 23.52 %, and Burito (FAO 390) –22.87%. The highest crude protein content, both in fresh and absolutely dry matter, was recorded in the medium-maturity hybrids: P9170 – 2.01% and 8.55%, and Burito – 1.88% and 8.22%. In the early-medium hybrids, the values were: Amaros – 1.75 % and 6.58%, and P 9071 – 1.65% and 7.43 %. The highest crude fiber content was also observed in the P 9170 hybrid, amounting to 6.32% in fresh matter and 26.86 % in absolutely dry matter.

During the green mass harvest conducted from September 20-24, the highest crude protein content was observed in the medium-maturity corn hybrid Burito (FAO 390) at 9.49%. The other hybrids showed lower values: P 9071 (FAO 280) – 7.22%, P 9170 (FAO 320) – 7.19%, and Amaros (FAO 230) – 6.45 %. The highest crude fiber content was found in Amaros (FAO 230) – 19.63%, and P9170 (FAO 320) – 15.67%. During this period, starch content in the green mass increased by 25.38–27.72%, while sugar content rose by 5.07-25.40% compared to the levels recorded between August 10-14. In terms of yield, the medium-maturity hybrids Burito and P 9170 stood out, producing 78.1 t/ha and 73.1 t/ha respectively, while the early-medium hybrids yielded 55.3 t/ha for Amaros and 68.9 t/ha for P 9071. Extending the vegetation period in the studied corn hybrids not only contributes to higher green mass yield but also increases the output of dry matter per unit area.

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