Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Hetman Nadiia Yakivna – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production and horticulture (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3, e-mail: nadia.getman52@gmail.com).

The results of the study of the influence of plant density on the yield of green mass and grain of maize of different maturity groups on the mineral background of nutrition are presented. In the experiment, maize hybrids of the French selection MAS 28.A FAO 250 and Vasiliy FAO 270, which belong to the medium early maturity group, were studied. It was found that the application of full mineral fertiliser at the rate of N140 P140 K140 contributed to an increase in plant height by 6-8 cm in both hybrids at a plant density of 80 thousand/ha and 14-17 cm at a sowing rate of 100 thousand plants per 1 ha, compared to the unfertilised variant. At this level of fertilisation, the height of plants in the MAS 28.A FAO 250 hybrid reached 310.6 and 325.6 cm, respectively, and in the Vasiliy FAO 270 hybrid - 291.5 and 301.0 cm. The height of attachment of the lower cob in hybrids was adjusted by plant density and was 64.5-98.4 cm in MAS 28.A FAO 250 and 86.2-94.2 cm in Vasiliy FAO 270. The yield of green mass in maize hybrids was determined by plant density, which in variants without fertilisers decreased with thickening of the stem – by 1.9-3.7 t/ha. On the mineral background of nutrition, the hybrid MAS 28.A FAO 250 had the highest green mass yield and was 71.8 t/ha at a plant density of 100 thousand/ha, or was 3.3 t/ha higher than the traditional sowing density. It was found that the plant density influenced the proportion of heads of cabbage in the structure of the green mass yield. Thus, the largest proportion of heads of cabbage was formed at a plant density of 80 thousand/ha, which was 37.1%, compared to 33.4% (100 thousand/ha). In hybrid Vasiliy FAO 270, there was no significant difference between green mass yield and plant density. The green mass yield was also high, 63.6-64.4 t/ha with a share of cobs of 39.0-40.8 %. The highest yield of dry matter was provided by the MAS 28.A FAO 250 hybrid - 35.22 t/ha, or 18.2% higher than that of the Vasiliy FAO 270 hybrid when sown at a rate of 100 thousand plants per hectare. With a traditional corn planting density of 80 thousand plants per hectare, the dry matter yield of both hybrids was 27.02-28.61 t/ha. The biogas yield was 20.85-24.65 thousand m /ha.3 The grain yield depended on the plant density and averaged 13.29 t/ha for the maize hybrid MAS 28.A FAO 250 at 80,000/ha sown, increasing to 16.59 t/ha with an increase of 20,000/ha. It was found that grain yield increased by 24.8 % due to plant density and 11.4 % due to mineral fertilisation. In the corn hybrid Vasiliy FAO 270, grain yield increased by 29.9% with high plant density and fertiliser use by 28.1% compared to the control.

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