Agriculture and forestry

Verheles Pavel Nikolaevich – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Solnyschnaya St., e-mail: pasha425@vsau.vin.ua).

This article presents the results of studies of the main elements and methods of controlling the development of weeds in corn crops and the identified changes in water and nutrient properties of the soil. The optimal tank mixtures and technological combinations of new soil and insurance herbicides have been determined, which provide a high level of technical efficiency on a wide species spectrum of weeds that clog corn crops. In particular, for farm conditions, the complex nature of the formation of the type of weediness, which changes during the growing season of the crop, was noted. The results of assessments of the dynamics of weed vegetation indicate a gradual increase in cenotic tension due to the gradual transition of dominant species of weeds, such as Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., Elytrigia repens (L.) Gould , Sonchus arvensis L, Cirsium arvense L., Convolvulus arvensis L. in the middle tier of sowing with a simultaneous increase in the frequency of their determination by 1.1-1.3 times. It was established that the best growth and development of the total leaf surface of corn plants (2.15-2.26 pcs./m2) was noted on the herbicide agro background and complete removal of weeds, and with natural weediness of the crops - a negative effect on growth processes, size and duration of functioning of leaves (1.14 pcs./m2). According to the research results, the technical efficiency against weeds of the first wave reached 100% when combining soil and insurance herbicides - Dual Gold - 1.5 l/ha (before sowing) + Stellar - 1.25 l/ha + Surfactant Metolate - 1.25 l/ha (by stairs); during the second and subsequent waves of weeds, protection systems that combine vegetative and soil deterrent effects are best controlled (Stellar - 0.8 l/ha + Akris - 1.5 l/ha + Surfactant Metolate - 0.8 l/ha and Kelvin Plus - 0.3 kg/ha + Akris - 1.5 l/ha + PA Hasten - 1 l/ha). The highest yield of corn grain (6.98 t ha-1 and 6.81 t ha-1) was obtained from the combination of soil and insurance preparations Akris (before sowing) + Kelvin Plus and PAR Hasten (after the steps) and Dual Gold (before sowing) + Stellar and surfactant Metolat (by stairs); Akris + Stellar + metolat surfactant (yield - 6.68 t ha-1) was singled out among post-emergence herbicide mixtures; with autonomous use of the preparations Stellar and Kelvin Plus, the yield was 6.35 t ha-1 and 6.22 t ha-1, respectively. The identical economic expediency of using such variants of herbicide application on corn Akris, 1.5 l/ha + Stellar, 0.8 l/ha + Metolat surfactant, 0.8 l/ha and Stellar, 1.25 l/ha + Metolat surfactant, has been confirmed ,1.25 l/ha, which was 43% higher than in the control with natural weeding and 33.2-33.4% higher than in the option of inter-row cultivation with manual weeding.

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