Agriculture and forestry

Hetman Nadiia Yakivna – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production and horticulture (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St.3, e-mail: nadia.getman52@gmail.com).

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, regardless of the influence of abiotic and biotic factors, high adaptability of annual agrophytocenoses of spring oats and spring triticale with seed peas was established during the growing season. It is important to note the response of oat and pea plants to changes in moisture supply and temperature during the growing season, provided that the biological characteristics of the crop are maintained, to form an average yield of dry matter and digestible protein within 5.81 and 0.619 t/ha over 24 years of observations, respectively. During the long-term research period, the sum of active temperatures was 874 oC, precipitation was 124 and the hydrothermal coefficient was 1.46. Long-term studies have shown that during the formation of vegetative mass by agrophytocenoses (May-June), the distribution of precipitation was uneven against the background of an increase in the average monthly air temperature, which was reflected in the yield of dry matter and its quality. During the 10 years of research, the highest amount of precipitation was observed - 159-204 mm. The most critical period for growth processes and crop formation was 1999, 2003, 2004, when 37-53 mm of precipitation fell with the sum of active temperatures of 762-880 mm and the GTC of 0.46-0.69. Over the past 9 years (2011-2019), the temperature has increased to 1021°C. Comparing the fodder productivity of binary mixtures of annual crops, it can be stated that with early spring sowing, the yield of fodder units and crude protein in fodder oats was higher compared to spring triticale. This is primarily due to the biological characteristics and duration of the vegetation period of the studied crops, which in spring triticale, unlike oats, the earing phase occurs 8-10 days earlier. The research gives grounds to conclude that it is agrobiologically expedient to use binary grass mixtures with different types of cereal crops in the raw material conveyor. The use of cereal crops that mature at different times ensures the production of plant material for harvesting fodder (green mass, silage, hay or haylage from dried grasses) between the first and second mowing of perennial grasses. In particular, it is also important to note that biological groups of plants effectively use agrometeorological resources during the stages of organogenesis, forming a sustainable crop with high quality indicators. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to predict the productivity of annual agrophytocenoses for the following years.

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