Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Palamarchuk Vitalii – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic cultures (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, е-mail: vd-palamarchuk@ukr.net).

Krychkovskyi Vadym – postgraduate student of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3).

The article presents the results of Efluent organic fertilizer research. We used pig manure to obtain biomass (residues); it also provided biogas production after digestion. We used a biogas system located in LLC Organic-D for fermentation of biomass, it is located in the village of Sutysky, Tyvriv district, Vinnytsia region, Ukraine. The prospects of using similar types of fertilizers have been analyzed. Agrochemical and microbiological analysis was carried out in specialized laboratories for organic fertilizers. It has been established that the peculiarities of animal maintenance and feeding have affected the chemical composition of manure, it is confirmed by the data of microbiological and agrochemical analysis, in particular the level of its invasive contamination. The total number of fungi in the samples ranged from 118.8 to 193.8 thousand / g. The species composition of pathogenic fungi in manure were pathogenic species of the genus Alternaria and Fusarium by 3.2%, and the number of pathogenic species of fungi not rejuvenated manure was 66.7% (from the genus Fusarium - 9.5%, from the genus Aspergillus - 57.2%). Among saprotrophic fungi there are species from the genus  Penicillium  (Penicillium   janczewskii   Zaleski,   P.   raciborskii   Zaleski, P. simplicissimum (Oudem.) Thom, P. chryzogenum Thom) from the genus Acremonium (Acremonium Kiliense Grutz). In the first sample (fermented) the number of saprotrophic fungi from the genus Penicillium was 87.1%, from the genus Acremonium 6.5%. In the second sample (without fermentation), the number of saprotrophic fungi of the genus Penicillium decreased to 33.3%. Saprotrophic fungi of the genus Acremonium were not   observed.  Among   toxin-forming   species,   Penicillium   janczewskii  Zaleski, Penicillium chryzogenum Thom, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.) Snyd. et Hans) were observed. A high amount of toxin-forming fungi was found in undiluted manure - 85.7%. In the updated material, the percentage of toxin-forming fungi was lower by 16.1%. Organic fertilizer Efluent was characterized by an alkaline reaction (pH 8.5), high moisture content (98.4%), significant content of nitrate nitrogen (18.2 mg/kg), copper (4.6 mg/kg), zinc (32 mg/kg), manganese (20 mg/kg) and iron (120 mg/kg). Therefore, the use of this fertilizer will provide plants with both macro and microelements, and its application on acidic soils will also reduce the level of soil acidity. Prospects of its use in soils with the raised acidity of a soil solution are given.

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