Agriculture and forestry

Palamarchuk Inna Ivanivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str.3, e-mail: pal_inna@vsau.vin.ua).

Manzhos Maksym Mykhailovych – postgraduate student of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, е-mail: metal 19981230 @gmail.com).

The sweet corn varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Cultivation in Ukraine were studied and a comparative assessment of hybrids was made. A general characteristic of sweet corn hybrids included in the State Register and recommended for cultivation was given. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Cultivation in Ukraine, as of 2024, there are over 100 sweet corn varieties and hybrids that are recommended for cultivation in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine, as well as in closed ground. However, most of them are suitable for cultivation simultaneously in all zones. According to the international classification, sweet corn varieties and hybrids are divided into groups according to the sugar content in the grain, which is determined by their genetic type. Table 1 shows the classification of the main groups of sweet corn depending on the level of sweetness. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine and in particular recommended for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, hybrids of domestic and foreign selection are listed. Almost all hybrids of sweet corn are suitable for cultivation in all soil and climatic conditions, as evidenced by their adaptability and adaptability to certain conditions, namely soil and air humidity, temperature indicators, in particular temperature changes during the day, soil conditions. The direction of use of the studied hybrids of sweet corn is universal, which is why they can be consumed fresh, for preparing various dishes, canning and for processing. It is important to have in the State Register of hybrids of sweet corn of different maturity groups. It is thanks to the use of hybrids with different lengths of the growing season that conveyor cultivation can be ensured. The conveyor is most important for large commodity producers, as it prevents overripening of the beginnings. Ultra-early hybrids are harvested first, later as other maturity groups ripen. The use of hybrids of different maturity groups makes it possible to extend the period of fresh produce reaching the consumer. A comparative characteristic of sweet corn hybrids that were studied during 2020–2024 is presented. In total, 22 hybrids were analyzed, most of which are early and mid-early hybrids (the growing season varies from 66 to 84 days). The shortest ripening period was recorded for the Bonduelka (GSS-3071) and Spokusa F1 hybrids – 66–68 days and 70–72 days, respectively, which indicates their suitability for early sales of products. The Megaton F1 hybrid has the longest growing season – 84 days, which allows for high yields in conditions of a sufficient growing season. All of the above hybrids belong to the SH2 genetic type, which is characterized by an increased sugar content. In such sweet corn hybrids, the sugar content in the grain is 20-30%, which provides quite high taste qualities. Such increased sweetness of the grain is an important indicator for the consumer and the processing industry. As for the color of the seeds, most sweet corn hybrids have yellow grain color (for example, in the hybrids Accent F1, Jamala F1, Daenerys F1, etc.), which is traditional for sweet corn. However, recently, two-color sweet corn grain has been gaining popularity, which provides a rather attractive appearance and increases consumer interest. Some hybrids have yellow-white (for example, Cumberland F1, Overdale F1) or white seeds (Medunka F1), which can be an advantage in specialized market niches.

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