Agriculture and forestry

Hetman Nadiia Yakivna – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production and horticulture (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3, e-mail: nadia.getman52@gmail.com).

Danyliuk Borys Mykolayovych is a graduate student of the Department of Plant Breeding and Horticulture of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna St.).

The analysis of long-term studies of seed alfalfa yield formation depending on the timing of mowing the grass stand by the phases of growth and development of the crop is presented. According to the years of research, biological groups of varieties of different geographical origin or one variety of seed alfalfa were studied in the experiments. The models of grass stand alienation included the following growth and development phases: budding, beginning of flowering and flowering. It has been established that during the research in 1986-1990 for four years of alfalfa sowing vegetation, mowing the grass stand in the budding phase leads to a decrease in the yield of feed units by 1.89-4.13 t/ha, compared to harvesting it at the beginning of flowering. The use of the first mowing of alfalfa in the flowering phase and the subsequent ones at the beginning of flowering and in budding contributed to an increase in the yield of feed units by 0.34-2.34 t/ha in the varieties Vinnychanka, Nadezhda and Yaroslavna. Sowing alfalfa of the Regina variety in the second and third years of life provided a maximum dry matter yield of 9.90-11.34 and 9.26-9.95 t/ha, respectively, for all mowing at the beginning of the flowering phase against the background of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60 P60 K90. Sowing alfalfa of the Sinyukha variety, when mowed in the following sequence: budding - budding - budding - beginning of flowering, provided the highest dry matter yield of 10.41 t/ha under uncovered cultivation with the application of herbicide, which is 32.7-37.9% more compared to the cover crop method. During two years of intensive use of the grass stand, regardless of varietal characteristics, against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilisers, the alfalfa variety Rosana provided the highest yield of crude protein of 3.25 t/ha when modelling mowing in the following sequence: 1st mowing in flowering, 2nd - beginning of flowering, 3rd - budding. The southern varieties Unitro and Nasoloda provided a crude protein yield of 3.04-3.21 t/ha, Banat VS - 3.18 t/ha, and the lowest was in the variety Narechena Severa - 2.52 t/ha. The highest yield of dry matter was provided by grass stands that were mowed at the beginning of flowering of seed alfalfa at a row spacing of 12.5 cm. The dry matter yield of Rosana was 13.93 t/ha and 13.77 t/ha of Angelica at a seeding rate of 8.0 million/ha.

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