Agriculture and forestry

Mazur Oleksandr Vasyliovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic Cultures, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str., 3 е-mail: selection@vsau.vin.ua).

Mazur Olena Vasylivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3). 

The further expansion of soybean acreage and increase in productivity will be facilitated by the introduction of new modern varieties, which are determined by higher productivity potential and a higher level of resistance to the main fungal and bacterial diseases. However, soybean plants are affected by more than 50 diseases. It is known that pathogenic organisms lead to significant losses of the soybean crop (by 15-20%, and by epiphytotic development – by 50%).The results of studies on the assessment of soybean varieties for adaptability (ecological plasticity and stability) in different soil and climatic conditions for resistance to diseases (ascochitosis, yellow mosaic) are presented. Soybean varieties were ranked according to ecological plasticity and stability according to their response to environmental conditions. Our studies have shown that the intensity of the development of ascochitosis and yellow mosaic depends not only on the genetic characteristics of the genotypes, but also on factors related to the growing area, especially the hydrothermal and edaphic conditions of the region. The varieties Oriana – 93.4% and Hoverla – 93.2% stood out for their resistance to ascochitosis damage under different hydrothermal and edaphic conditions, which were characterized by a low reaction to a change in the hydrothermal growing regime, the coefficient of ecological plasticity (bi) < 1. That is, these varieties soybeans provided high indicators of resistance to ascochitosis despite a deficit or sufficient moisture supply in different ecogradient studies. The following varieties stood out for resistance to yellow mosaic: Hoverla – 85.0%, Oriana – 84.9%, Amethyst – 83.0. It should be noted that according to the parameters of ecological plasticity and stability (adaptability), the listed varieties belong to genotypes with a conservative reaction to changes in the agro-environment of cultivation, the coefficient of ecological plasticity (bi) < 1.

1. Zhuchenko, A.A. (2001). Adaptivnaya sistema selektsii rasteniy (ekologo-geneticheskiye osnovy) [Adaptive system of plant breeding (ecological and genetic basis)].  Agro. Vol. 1–2, 1488 p. [in English].

2. Lachmann M., Jablonka E. 1996. The inheritance of phenotypes: an adaptation to fluctuating environments. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 181: 1–9. [in English].

3. Brautigam K., Vining K.J., Lafon-Placette C., Fossdal C.G., Mirouze M., Marcos J.G., Fluch S., Fraga M.F., Guevara A., Abarca D., Johnsen ., Maury S., Strauss S.H., Campbell M.M., Rohde A., Diaz-Sala C., Cervera M.-T. 2013. Epigenetic regulation of adaptive responses of forest tree species to the environment. Ecology and Evolution, 3(2): 399–415. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.461. [in English].

4. Meyer P. 2015. Epigenetic variation and environmental change. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66: 3541–3548. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru502; Ashapkin V.V., Kutueva L.I., Vaniushin B.F. 2016. Epigenetic variability in plants: heritability, adaptability, evolutionary value. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 63(2): 191–204. [in English].

5. Peng H., Zhang J. 2009. Plant genomic DNA methylation in response to stresses: potential applications and challenges in plant breeding. Progress in Natural Science, 19: 1037–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.10.014; [in English].

6. Eberhart S.A., Russell W.A. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci. 1966. V. 6, №1. – Р. 36–40. DOI.:10.2135/cropsci 1966.0011183 X000600010011x [in English].

7. George C.C. Tai, 1971. Genotypic stability analysis and its applikcation to potato regional trials. Crop. Sci. 11(2): 184−185. DOI.10.2135/ cropsci1971.0011183X 001100020006x. [in English].

8. Biliavska, L., Biliavskiy, Y., Mazur, O.,&Mazur O. 2021. Adaptability and breeding value of soybean varieties of Poltava breeding. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 27(2):312–322 [in English].