Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Matsera Olha Olehivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor at the Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry Department, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str.3, е-mail: matsera.olga.vnau@gmail.com).

Original article focuses on the peculiarities of the nutrition system of a common marginal crop – winter rapeseed – one of the main macronutrients – phosphorus. The latest literary sources related to the study of the problem of feeding winter rapeseed with phosphorus have been elaborated. Rapid germination and active development of the root system in autumn are very important for winter rape, and the use of starter fertilizers is particularly effective. Rape responds well to starting phosphorus. Winter rape consumes about 25% of all necessary nutrients in autumn. Phosphorus, applied when sowing rapeseed, is a key nutrient, especially important for root development, which contributes to better growth of young plants. Phosphorus is immobile in the soil, so when sowing, fertilizer should be placed as close as possible to the seeds. This ensures that the root system, which is actively developing, will be able to provide an optimal supply of phosphorus at the early stage of growth - the most critical for phosphorus. This is especially important on soils prone to its strong fixation and transformation into forms inaccessible to plants. Reducing the contact of fertilizer with the soil during local application reduces the amount of bound phosphorus. Rapeseed efficiently absorbs phosphorus, despite the fact that Brassicaceae species are not prone to mycorrhizal formation. Studies have shown that winter rapeseed needs more phosphorus than cereals, especially in the early stages of development. Research on the effect of phosphorus fertilizers on the growth, development and yield formation of winter rapeseed plants was conducted at the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry within the experimental farm of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University in the village of Agronomichne. Two hybrids of winter rapeseed were chosen for research: DK Immortal and DK Extract; phosphorus fertilization included five levels: 0; 30; 60; 90; 120 kg/ha. Research results showed a strong positive correlation between fertilizer rates and the growth of biometric indicators of winter rapeseed plants, yield and oil content in seeds.

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