Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Yakovenko Roman − Candidate of Agricultural Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture of Uman National University of Horticulture (20305 Uman, st. Institutskaya, plodroma78@gmail.com).

Kopytko Petr − Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor of the Department of General Agriculture of Uman National University of Horticulture (20305 Uman, st. Institutskaya, zemlerobstwo@ukr.net).

The essence of the economic efficiency of any production is determined by a profitable correlation between costs and financial results. One of the main factors in horticulture is a detailed choice of the constructions of the orchards and the determination of the most optimal farm practices in certain plantations taking into consideration their soil-climatic conditions under the highest efficiency of the cultivation. When economic efficiency of the production of fruit output is determined, the major indicators are profitability and a profitability level that shows the expediency of growing the crop with the application of required farm practices. The economic efficiency of replanted apple orchards along with long-term fertilization at various age-periods and fruiting was considered. It has been found out that during the period of growth and fruiting the efficiency and profitability of the orchard cultivation with the use of farm practices, in particular fertilization, are at a low level. This is predetermined by a low yield capacity of the apple trees. It was established that in the most productive period of fruiting of apple-tree plantations with the varieties Idared on seedling and vegetative M4 rootstock and Calville Snow on seedling rootstock, the use of organic and organo-mineral fertilization systems contributed to high return on investment and corresponding profitability of production, therefore these fertilization systems in strong and medium-growing plantations with full yield (at 17 22 t/ha) of non-irrigated apple-trees are profitable.The expediency of their use in non-irrigated horticultural agrocenosis with soil under naked fallow has been proved. Therefore, organic and organo-mineral systems can be successfully used in all fruit growing zones, especially in the southern regions where most of the plantations in horticultural farms, especially with limited irrigation, are grown with the soil content under fallow system. Also, the application of organic fertilizers can be successfully used when growing organic products. At the same time, as shown by many years of research, in fruit plantations with a lack of manure, chopped straw or other organic materials in equivalent amounts of dry matter can be successfully used as an organic fertilizer.

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